CPP Program for Swapping Two Values using Function Templates

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Aim:

To write a C++ program for swapping two values using function templates

Description:

  • Function templates are special functions that can operate with generic types.
  • This allows us to create a function template whose functionality can be adapted to more than one type or class without repeating the entire code for each type.
  • In C++ this can be achieved using template parameters.
  • A template parameter is a special kind of parameter that can be used to pass a type as an argument: just like regular function parameters can be used to pass values to a function, template parameters allow to pass also types to a function.
  • These function templates can use these parameters as if they were any other regular type.
  • The format for declaring function templates with type parameters is:
template <class identifier> function_declaration;
template <typename identifier> function_declaration;
Code language: HTML, XML (xml)
  • The only difference between both prototypes is the use of either the keyword class or the keyword typename.
  • Its use is indistinct since both expressions have exactly the same meaning and behave exactly the same way.
  • For example, to create a template function that returns the greater one of two objects we could use:
template <class myType>
myType GetMax (myType a, myType b) {
return (a>b?a:b);
}

Code language: JavaScript (javascript)
  • Here we have created a template function with myType as its template parameter.
  • This template parameter represents a type that has not yet been specified, but that can be used in the template function as if it were a regular type.
  • As you can see, the function template GetMax returns the greater of two parameters of this still-undefined type.
  • To use this function template we use the following format for the function call:
function_name <type> (parameters);
Code language: HTML, XML (xml)

Algorithm:

  1. Start the program
  2. Create a class with templates.
  3.  Create a class for sort functions.
  4.  Swap the values for using bubble sort
  5.  Display the result.

Program:

#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
template <class T>
void Swap(T &x, T &y) 
{
T temp;
temp = x;
x = y;
y = temp;
}
int main()
{
int x, y;
cout << "Enter two numbers:";
cin >> x>>y;
cout << "Before Swap:";
cout << "\nx value is:" << x;
cout << "\ny value is:" << y;
Swap(x, y);
cout << "\n\nAfter Function Templates:\n";
cout << "\nx value is:" << x;
cout << "\ny value is:" << y;
return 0;
}

Execution:

Input
33 77

Output

Enter two numbers: Before Swap:
x value is:33
y value is:77

After Function Templates:

x value is:77
y value is:33

Result:

Thus, the Swapping Two Values using Function Templates was executed successfully.

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